Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge encompasses over 10,000 acres of wetland and prairie habitat in central South Dakota. It protects a large natural lake, marshes, and surrounding grasslands that provide critical nesting, feeding, and resting areas for migrating waterfowl and other wildlife. Established in 1932, the refuge serves as an important sanctuary along the Central Flyway, supporting species such as Canada geese, mallards, blue-winged teal, and a variety of shorebirds. Aside from waterfowl, visitors can also see white-tailed deer, coyotes, and numerous songbirds. The refuge’s landscape includes open water areas, rushes, and cattail marshes, bordered by tallgrass prairie and mixed-grass habitats. Outdoor recreation focuses mainly on wildlife viewing, photography, and hunting during designated seasons. The refuge also provides opportunities for hiking and nature study along primitive trails and observation points. Long Lake itself is a notable landmark, a natural glacial lake that is central to the ecology of the refuge. The area appeals to nature enthusiasts, birders, and hunters seeking solitude and an authentic wildlife experience in a largely undeveloped setting. The refuge is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which maintains habitat restoration efforts and visitor access, balancing conservation with public use.
