Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar is a significant conservation unit in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, covering a large portion of the Atlantic Forest biome within the Serra do Mar mountain range. Established in 1977, the park stretches across more than 315,000 acres (127,000 hectares) and forms a critical ecological corridor between coastal and inland environments. Characterized by dense subtropical rainforest, mountainous terrain, and abundant water sources, the park protects numerous endemic and endangered species, including the southern muriqui (largest primate in the Americas) and the maned three-toed sloth. The park's vast forest canopy, steep valleys, and cascading waterfalls create a rich environment for flora and fauna. Visitors can explore an extensive network of trails ranging from easy walks to challenging multi-day hikes, with highlights including Pico do Marumbi and the ancient rainforest around Curucutu. The park also features historical sites related to early conservation efforts and traditional Caiçara communities. Popular activities include hiking, birdwatching, and camping, with designated areas that allow overnight stays in harmony with the environment. Visitor centers and ecological bases provide interpretive information, environmental education, and guided tours. The park plays an essential role in regional water supply protection and climate regulation. Its remote areas offer visitors a strong sense of wilderness and natural beauty while contributing to the preservation of South America’s Atlantic Forest biome, which remains one of the most endangered globally.
