Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Una Biological Reserve (Reserva Biológica de Una) is located in the southern part of the state of Bahia, Brazil, covering dense Atlantic Forest ecosystems. Established in 1980, the reserve protects one of the last remnants of this highly threatened biome, which is recognized for extraordinarily high biodiversity and endemism. The terrain is predominantly hilly with elevations varying between 100 and 500 meters, and it includes both primary and secondary tropical rainforest with rivers and waterfalls scattered throughout. The reserve is home to many endangered species such as the golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas), the maned sloth, and the black-headed berryeater, among others. Its ecological significance extends to birdwatchers, herpetologists, and mammalogists, as it supports diverse fauna rarely found elsewhere. Visitors can explore guided trails which highlight the area's rich flora and fauna, visit research stations, and experience the remote, pristine nature not found in more developed parks. The reserve is mainly oriented towards conservation and scientific study, which means public access is limited and usually requires prior permission or guided tours. Its waterfalls, like the well-known Cachoeira da Fumaça, attract nature enthusiasts, and the reserve's flora includes numerous medicinal plants and towering emergent trees. It emphasizes protection from logging, hunting, and land conversion, making it a vital stronghold for Atlantic Forest biodiversity preservation.
