Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Pico de Orizaba National Park centers around Citlaltépetl, also known as Pico de Orizaba, which is the tallest mountain in Mexico and the third highest peak in North America, standing at 5,636 meters (18,491 feet). The park covers a volcanic massif with glaciers, snow-capped peaks, and rugged alpine terrain. It lies in the states of Veracruz and Puebla, and its landscape transitions from temperate pine and fir forests along the lower slopes to sparse alpine tundra near the summit. The park features diverse habitats that support species such as the volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi), white-tailed deer, and various bird species including the imperial woodpecker's distant relatives. Historically, the volcano has significant cultural and spiritual importance for indigenous groups, as well as geological relevance as an active stratovolcano with its last major eruption recorded in the 19th century. Outdoor recreation is centered on mountaineering, with the standard climb to the summit being a challenge for experienced climbers due to altitude and glacier travel requirements. Hiking trails wind through the national park’s lower elevations, offering opportunities to explore its pine forests, glacial valleys, and pristine natural scenery. Visitors can also enjoy camping, wildlife watching, and photography. The park is valued for both its geological prominence and its natural biodiversity, making it a major attraction for ecotourism in Mexico.
