Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
The Exe Estuary Special Protection Area (SPA) is a protected coastal wetland located in Devon, South West England, encompassing the tidal estuary of the River Exe and adjacent mudflats, salt marshes, and reed beds. Spanning approximately 3,200 hectares, it provides critical habitat for large populations of overwintering and migratory waterfowl, particularly waders and wildfowl. The estuary supports internationally important numbers of birds including avocets, oystercatchers, shelduck, and brent geese. The habitat diversity ranges from saline waters to saltmarshes and grazed grasslands, sustaining rich invertebrate communities that are a vital food source for birds.
Historically, the estuary has been influenced by human activity such as fishing, agriculture, and salt production, but conservation efforts over recent decades have helped stabilize and enhance wildlife populations. The site forms part of the Exe Estuary Nature Reserve managed by the Devon Wildlife Trust.
Visitors come to the SPA for its excellent birdwatching opportunities at multiple hides, gentle walking and cycling trails along the Exe Valley Way, and scenic views across the estuary to the surrounding countryside and Exmouth. The area also offers opportunities for paddling and fishing under local regulations. Despite its wildlife importance, the landscape feels accessible and tranquil, providing an outstanding setting for nature enthusiasts, photographers, and families seeking quiet outdoor experiences. Educational events and guided walks are periodically available, encouraging appreciation of the estuary’s natural values.
