Wilderness Landscape & Natural Heritage
Located on the northern and eastern flanks of Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaii, Mauna Kea Forest Reserve covers a significant area of native ʻōhiʻa lehua and koa forests. The reserve spans elevations from approximately 4,500 to over 9,000 feet, encompassing diverse microclimates ranging from wet montane forests to subalpine zones. This ecological variety supports numerous endemic plant and bird species, some of which are threatened or endangered, such as the Hawaiian honeycreepers and various native ferns and shrubs.
Originally established in 1914 to protect native forests and watershed resources, Mauna Kea Forest Reserve plays a critical role in preserving habitat continuity and watershed health. The forest is a crucial watershed for the island, supplying water to surrounding communities and agricultural areas. The reserve provides important cultural and environmental value and serves as a buffer zone below the summit area of Mauna Kea.
Recreation opportunities focus primarily on hiking and nature study. Trails within the reserve wind through dense native forest, offering chances to see native birds like the ʻapapane and ʻamakihi while enjoying cool, misty conditions at altitude. Conditions can be wet and slippery, and visitors are advised to be prepared for rapidly changing weather. Though camping is limited, backcountry camping may be possible with permits.
Notable landmarks near or within the reserve include sections of the Mauna Kea Trail climbing toward the summit area and access points to ancient Hawaiian cultural sites. The Mauna Kea Forest Reserve’s high elevation and relatively undisturbed forest make it one of the most important protected natural areas on the Big Island aside from the summit and volcanic zones.
