Exploring the Kaumana Caves in Hawaii

The Kaumana Caves offer visitors a chance to experience one of Hawaii’s fascinating lava tube formations. Located just outside Hilo, this cave system was formed by the 1881 Mauna Loa eruption and provides a glimpse into the island’s volcanic activity. Unlike commercialized caves, Kaumana remains in a relatively natural state, offering an adventurous, unlit experience for those prepared to navigate its rugged interior.

Adventure Guide to Exploring the Kaumana Caves

Kaumana Caves State Park

Location: 2405 Kaumana Dr, Hilo, Hawaii
What Makes it Special: This publicly accessible lava tube is relatively easy to enter, though conditions inside can be challenging due to uneven terrain, low ceilings, and complete darkness. The cave stretches for miles, but much of it remains inaccessible due to collapsed sections.
Key Features:
- A steep staircase leading down to the cave entrance.
- A lush entrance area with ferns and moss, contrasting with the barren lava rock inside.
- Unlit passageways, requiring visitors to bring their own light sources.

Lava Tube Formations and Wildlife

What Makes it Special: Inside, you’ll see stalactite-like lava drips, unique lava textures, and evidence of ancient flow activity. Moisture from Hilo’s high rainfall supports unique fungi and small insect species adapted to the dark environment.
Key Features:
- Pahoehoe lava formations, which reveal how lava once flowed like liquid rock.
- Minimal wildlife, except for insects like cave crickets.
- Sections with low ceilings and tight passages, making exploration more challenging.

Underground Temperature and Acoustics

What Makes it Special: The cave remains cool and humid year-round, with near-total silence except for dripping water or the occasional movement of small creatures.
Key Features:
- A constant cool environment, providing a welcome escape from the Hawaiian heat.
- Natural acoustics, making speaking or even whispering sound amplified.

Local Insights

Kaumana Caves played a role in Hawaiian history; the 1881 lava flow nearly reached Hilo, but according to legend, Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani’s prayers to Pele, the volcano goddess, diverted the lava.
The cave has been used for educational and research purposes, offering insights into volcanic geology.

Visitor Tips

Best Time to Visit: Morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and hot midday sun.
What to Bring:
- Strong flashlight or headlamp (the cave is completely dark).
- Sturdy shoes (sharp lava rocks can cut soft footwear).
- Long pants and gloves for those wanting to navigate deeper sections.
Getting There:
- From Hilo, drive about 4 miles west on Kaumana Drive (Hawaii Route 200) until you see Kaumana Caves State Park. Parking is available roadside.